“性感荷官在线发牌”原来是菲律宾非法线上赌场
发布日期：2022-03-05 12:10 点击次数：65
现在经常在各种地方看到“澳门线上赌场开放，性感荷官在线发牌”的广告，可大家是否知道，这些线上赌场很多位于菲律宾，且专门瞄准中国赌客，以获得巨额非法利润！菲律宾海外线上赌场（POGO)已经成为菲律宾重要的经济来源，因此菲律宾政府对其相关犯罪行为，一直采取睁一只眼闭一只眼的态度，甚至努力将其合法化，为其提供各种保护。但这些线上赌场，已经给中国带来许多社会问题，包括资金流失，高利贷，绑架勒索，甚至身边经常出现的电信诈骗，许多与菲律宾的非法网络组织相关。中国政府给菲律宾政府施压，希望加大对该行业的打击力度，却未能收到积极的反馈，原因也不言自明。文章中提到，其实非法线上赌场业的运营者和客户大部分是中国人，相关犯罪者和受害人也是中国人。整个行业可以理解为，菲律宾出于经济利益，为中国的赌博行业提供了一个庇护所，并从中谋利。这种行为类似于殖民地时期，英国制造并向中国出售鸦片来谋利的举动。菲律宾一直以来带有强烈的反华倾向，但同时却用非法的方式从中国获取利益，其做法已经严重违背了国际原则。同时我们也可以看出，中国政府对于赌博的全面禁止，对社会起到了非常大的积极作用，希望每个人都可以加强意识，加强对线上赌场及相关犯罪活动的防范。原文来自CNN，描述角度相对比较客观，文章没有删减，翻译出自西蒙，转载请注明“西蒙搬运”。
面向非法中国赌客的菲律宾赌场正给马尼拉带来绑架和混乱(CNN) - Dozens of scantily dressed Filipina croupiers stand in booths shuffling cards in front of a webcam, their faces softly illuminated by professional lighting.几十名衣着暴露的菲律宾赌场荷官站在台前，面对网络摄像头洗牌，她们的脸打着柔和的专业灯光。Nearby, rows of Chinese nationals sit at desks chatting on cellphones with potential clients back in China.在旁边的办公桌前，坐着一排排的中国公民，他们在身在中国的潜在客户通电话。This is what a typical POGO -- or a Philippine Offshore Gaming Operator -- looks like, according to descriptions provided to CNN by several gaming experts. Some are based in abandoned malls, while others are found in converted parking lots or cheap rented offices, they say.根据几位博彩业专家给CNN的描述，这就是典型的POGO（菲律宾海外博彩运营商，下文均简称POGO)的模式。他们称，有些赌场建在废弃的商场里，有些则使用改造过的停车场或低价租来的办公室里。In the past three years, the Philippines has emerged as a major hub for online gaming, according to Filipino officials, attracting more than 100,000 Chinese nationals who work in virtual casinos catering to players back in China where gambling is illegal.据菲律宾官员称，在过去3年里，菲律宾已经成为了一个主要的网络博彩中心，并吸引了超过10万名中国公民在虚拟赌场工作。这些虚拟赌场面向中国的赌客，而在中国，赌博是非法的。They have been both a boon and a curse for the country.对菲律宾来说，这既带来了好处，又带来了坏处。The online casinos generate tax revenue and desperately needed jobs in Manila's crowded downtown area. But at the same time, they've pushed up rents and created new challenges for the Philippine National Police.线上赌场带来了税收收入，也给马尼拉拥挤的市中心带来急需的就业岗位。但与此同时，线上赌场也抬高了房租，并给菲律宾国家警察带来了新的挑战。In the past year, Beijing has ratcheted up pressure on Manila to shut down the industry, following its success in convincing Cambodia to move toward doing the same last year.中国去年成功说服柬埔寨关闭了线上博彩。在此基础上，中国在过去一年加大了对菲律宾政府的压力，要求其停止该行业。Manila stopped taking applications for new POGO licences in August 2019, citing concerns about national security, but President Rodrigo Duterte said the next month that he would not ban the industry.马尼拉在2019年8月停止接受新的POGO执照申请，理由是对国家安全的担忧。但总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特(Rodrigo Duterte)却表示，从下月起，该行业的禁令开始解除。"We decide to benefit the interest of my country," he said. "I decide that we need it."“我们决定要以国家利益为重，”他说。“我认为我们需要它（线上博彩业)。”In May, Duterte allowed the POGOs to reopen, after two months of closure due to the Covid-19 pandemic, effectively endorsing them as essential businesses.在今年5月，因新冠疫情关闭两个月后，杜特尔特允许线上赌场（POGO)重新开业，这对其业务的重要性做出了有力的认可。Philippines' casino boom菲律宾赌场的繁荣发展Online gaming platforms allow players to gamble remotely. They sign up, choose a game and it is played over a livestream in another jurisdiction.这些在线游戏平台使玩家远程参与赌博成为可能，他们注册账号并选择一款游戏，之后就可以在另一个司法管辖区域（其他国家)通过直播进行赌博。"The games offered on these platforms are dictated by Asian tastes, where most of the demand comes from," said Brendan Bussmann from Global Market Advisors, a Las Vegas-based consulting firm specializing in the gaming, sports, entertainment and hospitality industries.全球市场咨询公司的布伦丹·巴斯曼（Brendan Bussmann)说：“这些平台上提供的游戏由亚洲人的喜好决定，而绝大部分的需求也来自亚洲。”这家总部位于拉斯维加斯的咨询公司涉及游戏、体育、娱乐和酒店行业。"There is a lot of baccarat, as well as some sic bo (a Chinese dice game) and blackjack," said Bussmann. The amounts wagered tend to be low, in the range of $5 to $100, he said.“赌场的游戏包括很多百家乐，骰宝(一种中国的骰子游戏)以及21点，”巴斯曼说。投注金额往往很低，通常在5至100美元之间。Manila has become the number one hotspot worldwide for online gaming, in front of Malta, the Isle of Man and Curacao, according to David Lee, a lawyer at Taiwanese firm Lin & Partners who specializes in gaming laws.台湾林氏律师事务所(Lin & Partners)专攻博彩法的律师大卫·李（David Lee)说，菲律宾首都马尼拉已经成为全球最大的线上赌场聚集地，排在马耳他、马恩岛和库拉索岛之前。"The Philippines pioneered online casinos in the early 2000s, when Cagayan, a province to the north of the country, started awarding licenses to a handful of operators," explains Ben Lee, the founder of IGamiX, a Macao-based consultancy firm focused on the gaming industry in Asia. "But they really took off in 2016, when President Rodrigo Duterte came into office."专攻亚洲博彩业的澳门咨询公司IGamiX的创始人本•李(Ben Lee)解释说：“在21世纪初，菲律宾就率先推出了线上赌场，当时北部的省份卡加延(Cagayan)开始向部分运营商发放执照。”“但它们真正快速发展是在2016年，当杜特尔特总统上任时。”Duterte handed the right to issue offshore gambling licenses to the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR), a government entity that operates casinos and regulates the industry. "It began to aggressively develop the industry by awarding dozens of licenses," said lawyer David Lee.杜特尔特将海外博彩执照的发放权交给了菲律宾娱乐博彩公司(Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation, PAGCOR)，这是一个经营赌场并监管该行业的政府实体。律师大卫·李说:“它开始通过颁发数十个许可证，大力发展该行业。”Chinese businessmen were quick to seize the opportunity and the number of POGOs mushroomed.中国商人迅速抓住了机会，菲律宾线上赌场的数量迅速增加。There are now 60 licensed offshore gaming operators in the Philippines, according to PAGCOR.根据PAGCOR的数据，目前菲律宾有60家获得执照的海外博彩运营商。
CNN原文配图：线上赌场在改造过的停车场、废弃的商场里运营，例如这家公司，在马尼拉郊区Paranaque一家很老的购物中心“珍珠广场”中。They are assisted by several hundred service providers, who help them build and maintain the infrastructure behind their platforms, according to Ben Lee, of IGamiX consultancy. Many of these service providers also act as an interface between the POGOs and their customers, renting a video feed from the officially licensed operators and overlaying their logo and visual identity onto it, he added.咨询公司IGamiX的本•李表示，它们得到了数百家服务提供商的支持，这些服务商帮助它们建立和维护其平台背后的基础设施。他补充说，许多服务提供商还充当着赌场和他们客户之间的接口，从官方许可的运营商那里租借视频源，之后将他们的Logo和视频水印加在上面。"Some 90% to 95% of POGO customers are located in China," he said. This is illegal. Chinese laws ban any form of gambling by its citizens, including online and overseas.“这些线上赌场的客户，大约90%到95%位于中国，”他说。这是非法的。中国法律禁止公民进行任何形式的赌博，包括线上赌博和海外赌博。Laws in the Philippines also ban online casinos from marketing their services to citizens of a country where gambling is illegal, according to lawyer David Lee. But this rule is ignored by most POGO operators and poorly enforced, according to several experts.律师大卫·李说，菲律宾的法律也禁止线上赌场向赌博非法国家的公民提供服务。但据几位专家说，大多数POGO运营商选择无视这条规则，并且未对其进行有力执行。A spokeswoman for industry regulator PAGCOR said new regulations were introduced in August 2016 to curtail the proliferation of illegal online games and to ensure they are properly regulated.博彩业监管机构PAGCOR的一位女发言人表示，2016年8月出台了新的规定，来遏制非法网络博彩的泛滥，并确保它们得到适当的监管。She added that POGOs are supposed to only cater to foreign customers ages 21 and above situated outside the Philippines, in jurisdictions where online gaming is allowed.她补充说，POGOs应该只面向菲律宾以外21岁及以上的外国客户，并且这些地区要允许线上博彩。Hidden payments隐藏的收入Managing the cross-border flow of money is a challenge. China limits the amount of money any individual can move out of the country to $50,000 per year. And since it doesn't allow its citizens to gamble online, they are also not allowed to send money abroad for this purpose.管理跨境资金流动是一项挑战。中国将个人每年转移出境的资金数额限制在5万美元。由于中国不允许其公民进行网上赌博，他们也不可以将钱寄往国外进行赌博。"It is usually wired electronically, using services like Alipay or WeChat Pay, and disguised as a simple retail purchase," said consultant Ben Lee. "Chinese gamblers are also increasingly using crypto currencies like Bitcoin to avoid detection."咨询师本·李说:“（转移资金)通常是通过电子方式，例如使用支付宝或微信支付等，伪装成简单的零售购买。”“中国赌客也越来越多地使用比特币等加密货币，以规避追踪。”Chinese conglomerate Tencent, which owns messaging service WeChat, has set up a risk management team to combat abusive behavior, such as illegal gambling, by monitoring payments made via the app, a spokeswoman told CNN.中国公司腾讯的一位女发言人告诉CNN，腾讯旗下的通讯服务微信，已经成立了一个风险管理团队，通过监控通过该应用支付的款项，来打击诸如非法赌博等滥用行为。CNN also reached out to tech company Alibaba, founder of Alipay, for comment but did not receive a reply.CNN还联系了支付宝的母公司，科技公司阿里巴巴，但没有得到回复。To recruit new customers in China, POGOs rely on a large contingent of Chinese workers. They employ at least 138,000 foreigners in the Philippines, most of them from China, according to the Philippine government.为了在中国招募新客户，这些线上赌场需要依赖大批中国员工。根据菲律宾政府的数据，他们在菲律宾雇佣了至少13.8万名外国人，其中大多数来自中国。"There might be as many as 250,000, if employees lacking the required work visas are included," said George Siy, of the Integrated Development Studies Institute (IDSI), a think tank in the Philippines, quoting estimates provided to him by industry insiders.菲律宾智库IDSI (Integrated Development Studies Institute)的乔治·西(George Siy)引用业内人士提供给他的估计数字说：“如果把没有工作签证的员工也算在内，可能总数会多达25万人。”"Most of them come into the Philippines on tourist visas and overstay them," said Lucio Blanco Pitlo III, a fellow at the Asia-Pacific Pathways to Progress Foundation, who has researched the topic extensively. The Chinese embassy in the Philippines said in a statement in August 2019 that some of its nationals are "cheated to work illegally with only tourist visas."亚太发展途径基金会(Asia-Pacific Pathways to Progress Foundation)研究员卢西奥·布兰科·皮特洛三世(Lucio Blanco Pitlo III)对这个问题进行了深入研究。他说:“他们大多数人是持旅游签证来菲律宾的，但会在菲律宾停留超过签证的时限。”中国驻菲律宾大使馆在2019年8月的一份声明中表示，一些中国公民“通过欺骗，用旅游签证进行非法工作”。Last November, Manila expelled hundreds of Chinese nationals who had been arrested in a series of raids against online gaming operations and other cyber crimes in Palawan province, for allegedly working illegally in the country, according to CNN Philippines.据CNN菲律宾报道，去年11月，马尼拉遣返了数百名中国公民，他们在巴拉万省打击线上赌场和其他网络犯罪的行动中被捕。他们被控在菲律宾非法工作。
CNN原文配图：线上赌场在改造过的停车场、废弃的商场里运营，例如这家公司，在马尼拉郊区Paranaque一家很老的购物中心“珍珠广场”中。Many Chinese nationals working in the Philippine casino industry are attracted by the promise of jobs not available at home, experts say.专家表示，许多在菲律宾博彩业工作的中国人，是被在中国所没有的工作机会所吸引。"These are mostly young people, in their 20s, with little job prospects in China," said Ben Lee. Some are lured to the Philippines with the promise of high-paying jobs in prestigious tech companies, but upon arrival they discover they will be working for an online gambling platform and paid a fraction of what they were promised, he added.“他们大多是20多岁的年轻人，在中国没什么就业前景，”本·李说。他补充说，一些人是被号称知名高科技公司的高薪职位诱骗到菲律宾的，但一到菲律宾，他们却发现自己将在一个线上赌博平台工作，得到的报酬只是之前承诺的一小部分。"The workers frequently have their passports confiscated, are crammed 10 to a room meant for three to four people and have to work 12-hour shifts, with only one day off per month," said Pitlo.皮特洛说：“这些工人的护照经常被没收，并且10个人挤在一个只能容纳三到四个人的房间里，12个小时轮班工作，每个月只有一天休息。”On the job, they are expected to approach prospective players in social media chat groups and convince them to give online gaming a try, according to Lee. Once players are hooked, they are encouraged to wager increasing amounts of money, he added.李说，在工作中，他们要在社交媒体聊天群中接触潜在玩家，说服他们尝试线上赌博。他补充说，一旦玩家被吸引，他们就会被鼓励加大赌注。POGOs cater to foreign customers and thus employ foreign nationals as customer service representatives to "effectively invite players and attend to their needs and concerns," the PAGCOR spokeswoman said. Most of these foreigners are Chinese nationals, she said. "But we can't categorically say they are based in China or are targeting players in China," she added. "They might be catering to Mandarin speaking people in other countries."POGO为了吸引外国客户，雇佣外国人作为客户服务代表，来“有效地邀请玩家，并满足他们的需求，消除他们的顾虑，”PAGCOR发言人说。她说，这些外国人大多是中国人。她补充说:“但我们不能绝对地说，这些线上赌场基于中国运营，或者面向中国的玩家。他们也可能面向其他国家中说普通话的人。”Jobs and high rents工作岗位与高房租POGOs have been a boon to the Philippine economy.POGO一直是菲律宾经济的福音。"They have created thousands of jobs and driven up wages," said Siy, from the Integrated Development Studies Institute. Even if most online casino employees are Chinese, locals are finding employment with them as maintenance workers, cleaners, or security guards, he added. He says industry insiders believe up to 150,000 Filipinos could be working for POGOs.来自综合发展研究所的Siy说：“线上赌场业创造了数以千计的就业机会，并抬高了工资。他补充说，即使网上赌场的大部分员工都是中国人，当地人也可以找到一些相关工作，比如维修工人、清洁工或保安。他表示，业内人士认为，有多达15万菲律宾人可能在为POGO工作。Government coffers have also benefited. In 2018, online casinos paid 7.4 billion pesos ($145 million) in licensing and other regulatory fees, PAGCOR told CNN. The Department of Finance said it expects to collect 24 billion pesos ($471 million) per year in taxes from POGO workers.政府国库也从中受益。PAGCOR告诉CNN, 2018年，POGO支付了74亿比索(1.45亿美元)的执照费和其他监管费用。财政部表示，预计每年会从POGO那里征收240亿比索(4.71亿美元)的税款。But many employers are not paying up. POGO operators and service providers only paid 579 million pesos ($11 million) in withholding taxes in 2018 -- a mere 2.4% of what they owe, according to the Bureau of Internal Revenue.但许多雇主并没有付全应付款项。根据美国国税局(Bureau of Internal Revenue)的数据，POGO运营商和服务提供商2018年的扣缴税款仅为5.79亿比索(约合1100万美元)，仅为其应缴税款的2.4%。In late 2019, the Philippines finance secretary started following through on threats to shut down non-payers. In early 2020, the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) said the industry still owes the government around 50 billion pesos ($1 billion) in unpaid taxes for 2019.2019年底，菲律宾财政部长开始兑现关闭欠款机构的威胁。在2020年初，国内税务局(BIR)表示，线上赌场业2019年仍欠政府约500亿比索(10亿美元)的未缴税款。Rents have spiraled out of control in certain parts of Manila as POGO operators rent out residential compounds to house their workers, said Pitlo. "Middle class families are being priced out," he said.研究员皮特洛说，马尼拉某些地区的房租已经失控，因为POGO运营商将住宅区出租给其员工居住。他说：“中产阶级家庭已经无法承受高昂的房价。Prices of one-bedroom apartments have surged by 120% since 2015 along Manila Bay, where many of the POGOs are located, according to a July 2019 report by Leechiu Property Consultants.据利驰地产咨询公司2019年7月的一份报告显示，自2015年以来，在豪宅林立的马尼拉湾沿岸，一居室公寓价格已经上涨了120%。Kidnappings on the rise绑架事件不断增加The increase in POGOs has also led to a rise in criminality, according to Philippine officials.菲律宾官员表示，POGO的增加也导致犯罪率的上升。
CNN原文配图：2019年10月，在马尼拉郊区Paranaque，警方对一家涉及电信诈骗的线上赌场运营商进行突袭。有442名中国员工被逮捕，根据菲律宾移民局的消息，其中多数没有合法签证。"In their free time, their Chinese employees often gamble at the casinos and end up in debt," explained Elmer Cereno, a spokesman for the Philippine National Police-Anti Kidnapping Group. "They are then approached by loan sharks who offer to lend them money."菲律宾国家警察反绑架组织的发言人埃玛·切里诺（Elmer Cereno)解释说：“在空闲时间，线上赌场的中国雇员经常在赌场赌博，最终负债累累。之后高利贷者就会来找他们放贷。”When they fail to pay it back, the loan sharks kidnap them and try to get ransom from their relatives back home, he said.他说，当他们不能还钱时，高利贷者就绑架他们，试图从他们国内的亲戚那里拿到赎金。On October 2019, police rescued two Chinese POGO workers, whose families had been asked to pay ransoms ranging between 68,000 yuan and 80,000 yuan (about $9,800 to $11,500) for their release, according to a summary of the case seen by CNN. They had been abducted from a hotel six days earlier and held by five Chinese nationals in an office building in Taguig, a suburb south of Manila.据CNN查阅的案件摘要显示，2019年10月，警方解救了两名POGO的员工，他们的家人被绑匪索要68000元至80000元(约合9800美元至11500美元)的赎金。六天前，他们在马尼拉南部郊区塔吉(Taguig)的一座办公楼里被五名中国人绑架。Between January 2017 and October 2019, Philippine police dealt with 65 cases of kidnap-for-ransom involving POGO workers or casino customers, leading to the arrests of 132 people, according to an official tally provided to CNN by the Philippines police. "Almost all the victims and perpetrators were Chinese nationals," said Cereno.根据菲律宾警方提供给CNN的官方数据，在2017年1月至2019年10月期间，菲律宾警方处理了65起涉及POGO工作人员或赌客的绑架勒索案件，其中132人被捕。“几乎所有的受害者和绑匪都是中国人，”切里诺说。'That is where we stand'“这是我们的立场”China has been stepping up pressure on the Philippines to ban POGOs.中国一直在加大对菲律宾的施压，要求其封杀POGO。In its August 2019 statement, the Chinese embassy in Manila said online gambling in the Philippines had led to increased crimes and social problems in China, because "some gambling crimes and telecom frauds are closely connected."在2019年8月的声明中，中国在马尼拉的驻菲大使馆表示，菲律宾的线上赌场导致了中国国内犯罪和社会问题的增加，因为“一些赌博犯罪和电信诈骗是紧密相连的。”It also said "hundreds of millions of Chinese yuan" of gambling-related funds were flowing illegally from China to the Philippines. Days later, foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang said he hoped that Manila would "ban all online gambling."报告还称，有“数亿元”的赌博相关资金正从中国非法流入菲律宾。几天后，外交部发言人耿爽表示，他希望马尼拉“禁止所有网上赌博”。The Philippines answered some of China's concerns by imposing a moratorium on new licenses but stopped short of announcing a ban.菲律宾对一些中国方面的担忧做出了回应，暂停发放新的许可证，但没有对其发布禁令。Manila has its own concerns about the industry, with top officials suggesting that the influx of Chinese workers could turn to spying, posing a risk to national security.菲律宾对该行业也有自己的担忧，该国高层官员暗示，大量涌入的中国员工可能会转而从事间谍活动，对菲律宾国家安全构成威胁。"You would also start getting worried when a whole building, a condominium tower is occupied by only one nationality where you might not be able to guard their activities," Philippine National Security Adviser Hermogenes Esperon, Jr. said in July 2019.“如果一栋公寓大楼里只有一个国家的人，你可能无法监控他们活动的时候，你也会开始担心，”菲律宾国家安全顾问小埃尔莫根尼·埃斯庇隆(Hermogenes Esperon, Jr.)在2019年7月说。In May, dozens of legislators introduced a new bill to ban POGOs on the grounds they represent a social menace and a source of corruption.今年5月，数十名立法者提出了一项新的法案，以POGO对社会构成威胁和带来腐败为由，要求对其进行全面禁止。Manila earlier responded by announcing plans to build two "self-contained" hubs for online casinos and their workers located in Cavite City and Clark, two cities near the capital. They both became operational late last year.菲律宾政府在早些时候作出回应，宣布了在首都附近的Cavite City和Clark两个城市，建立线上赌场及其员工“可以自给自足”的中心的计划。它们都在去年年底投入使用。"These hubs will allow POGO workers to carry out their work, live and spend their leisure time under a single roof," according to the PAGCOR spokeswoman. "It will also increase their safety, as law enforcement agencies will have a presence there."“这些中心区将允许POGO员工在一个地区进行工作，生活和享受闲暇时间，”PAGCOR发言人说。“这还将加强他们的安全保障，因为执法机构会在那里部署人员。”Several government agencies, such as the Bureau of Internal Revenue, will also set up antennae in the hubs, she said. This will allow them to keep a close eye on the POGOs, making sure they pay their taxes and obey the law.她说，一些政府机构，比如国税局(Bureau of Internal Revenue)，也将在这些中心设置分部。这使他们可以密切关注POGO，确保他们缴纳税款并遵守法律。China is not happy. In the August 2019 statement, it expressed "grave concern" about the centers, saying they risked infringing the "basic legal rights" of Chinese citizens.中国对此并不满意。在2019年8月的声明中，中国政府对这些中心区表示了“严重担忧”，称它们可能侵犯中国公民的“基本合法权利”。Philippine officials seem unperturbed. "They (China) can't dictate on us," said Philippine ambassador to China, Jose Santiago Sta. Romana, in a media briefing. "Those are sovereign decisions. That is where we stand."菲律宾官员似乎不为所动。“他们(中国)不能决定我们的行动，”菲律宾驻华大使何塞(Jose Santiago Sta)在一次新闻发布会上说。“这些是主权性的决定。这是我们的立场。”
上一篇：棋牌百科 盲目做彩平和猪猪有什么区别（赋彩平资料包） 下一篇：棋牌百科 想问问撼讯的RX5700XT红魔好吗和RTX2070S比起来谁好一些
面向非法中国赌客的菲律宾赌场正给马尼拉带来绑架和混乱(CNN) - Dozens of scantily dressed Filipina croupiers stand in booths shuffling cards in front of a webcam, their faces softly illuminated by professional lighting.几十名衣着暴露的菲律宾赌场荷官站在台前，面对网络摄像头洗牌，她们的脸打着柔和的专业灯光。Nearby, rows of Chinese nationals sit at desks chatting on cellphones with potential clients back in China.在旁边的办公桌前，坐着一排排的中国公民，他们在身在中国的潜在客户通电话。This is what a typical POGO -- or a Philippine Offshore Gaming Operator -- looks like, according to descriptions provided to CNN by several gaming experts. Some are based in abandoned malls, while others are found in converted parking lots or cheap rented offices, they say.根据几位博彩业专家给CNN的描述，这就是典型的POGO（菲律宾海外博彩运营商，下文均简称POGO)的模式。他们称，有些赌场建在废弃的商场里，有些则使用改造过的停车场或低价租来的办公室里。In the past three years, the Philippines has emerged as a major hub for online gaming, according to Filipino officials, attracting more than 100,000 Chinese nationals who work in virtual casinos catering to players back in China where gambling is illegal.据菲律宾官员称，在过去3年里，菲律宾已经成为了一个主要的网络博彩中心，并吸引了超过10万名中国公民在虚拟赌场工作。这些虚拟赌场面向中国的赌客，而在中国，赌博是非法的。They have been both a boon and a curse for the country.对菲律宾来说，这既带来了好处，又带来了坏处。The online casinos generate tax revenue and desperately needed jobs in Manila's crowded downtown area. But at the same time, they've pushed up rents and created new challenges for the Philippine National Police.线上赌场带来了税收收入，也给马尼拉拥挤的市中心带来急需的就业岗位。但与此同时，线上赌场也抬高了房租，并给菲律宾国家警察带来了新的挑战。In the past year, Beijing has ratcheted up pressure on Manila to shut down the industry, following its success in convincing Cambodia to move toward doing the same last year.中国去年成功说服柬埔寨关闭了线上博彩。在此基础上，中国在过去一年加大了对菲律宾政府的压力，要求其停止该行业。Manila stopped taking applications for new POGO licences in August 2019, citing concerns about national security, but President Rodrigo Duterte said the next month that he would not ban the industry.马尼拉在2019年8月停止接受新的POGO执照申请，理由是对国家安全的担忧。但总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特(Rodrigo Duterte)却表示，从下月起，该行业的禁令开始解除。"We decide to benefit the interest of my country," he said. "I decide that we need it."“我们决定要以国家利益为重，”他说。“我认为我们需要它（线上博彩业)。”In May, Duterte allowed the POGOs to reopen, after two months of closure due to the Covid-19 pandemic, effectively endorsing them as essential businesses.在今年5月，因新冠疫情关闭两个月后，杜特尔特允许线上赌场（POGO)重新开业，这对其业务的重要性做出了有力的认可。Philippines' casino boom菲律宾赌场的繁荣发展Online gaming platforms allow players to gamble remotely. They sign up, choose a game and it is played over a livestream in another jurisdiction.这些在线游戏平台使玩家远程参与赌博成为可能，他们注册账号并选择一款游戏，之后就可以在另一个司法管辖区域（其他国家)通过直播进行赌博。"The games offered on these platforms are dictated by Asian tastes, where most of the demand comes from," said Brendan Bussmann from Global Market Advisors, a Las Vegas-based consulting firm specializing in the gaming, sports, entertainment and hospitality industries.全球市场咨询公司的布伦丹·巴斯曼（Brendan Bussmann)说：“这些平台上提供的游戏由亚洲人的喜好决定，而绝大部分的需求也来自亚洲。”这家总部位于拉斯维加斯的咨询公司涉及游戏、体育、娱乐和酒店行业。"There is a lot of baccarat, as well as some sic bo (a Chinese dice game) and blackjack," said Bussmann. The amounts wagered tend to be low, in the range of $5 to $100, he said.“赌场的游戏包括很多百家乐，骰宝(一种中国的骰子游戏)以及21点，”巴斯曼说。投注金额往往很低，通常在5至100美元之间。Manila has become the number one hotspot worldwide for online gaming, in front of Malta, the Isle of Man and Curacao, according to David Lee, a lawyer at Taiwanese firm Lin & Partners who specializes in gaming laws.台湾林氏律师事务所(Lin & Partners)专攻博彩法的律师大卫·李（David Lee)说，菲律宾首都马尼拉已经成为全球最大的线上赌场聚集地，排在马耳他、马恩岛和库拉索岛之前。"The Philippines pioneered online casinos in the early 2000s, when Cagayan, a province to the north of the country, started awarding licenses to a handful of operators," explains Ben Lee, the founder of IGamiX, a Macao-based consultancy firm focused on the gaming industry in Asia. "But they really took off in 2016, when President Rodrigo Duterte came into office."专攻亚洲博彩业的澳门咨询公司IGamiX的创始人本•李(Ben Lee)解释说：“在21世纪初，菲律宾就率先推出了线上赌场，当时北部的省份卡加延(Cagayan)开始向部分运营商发放执照。”“但它们真正快速发展是在2016年，当杜特尔特总统上任时。”Duterte handed the right to issue offshore gambling licenses to the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR), a government entity that operates casinos and regulates the industry. "It began to aggressively develop the industry by awarding dozens of licenses," said lawyer David Lee.杜特尔特将海外博彩执照的发放权交给了菲律宾娱乐博彩公司(Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation, PAGCOR)，这是一个经营赌场并监管该行业的政府实体。律师大卫·李说:“它开始通过颁发数十个许可证，大力发展该行业。”Chinese businessmen were quick to seize the opportunity and the number of POGOs mushroomed.中国商人迅速抓住了机会，菲律宾线上赌场的数量迅速增加。There are now 60 licensed offshore gaming operators in the Philippines, according to PAGCOR.根据PAGCOR的数据，目前菲律宾有60家获得执照的海外博彩运营商。CNN原文配图：线上赌场在改造过的停车场、废弃的商场里运营，例如这家公司，在马尼拉郊区Paranaque一家很老的购物中心“珍珠广场”中。They are assisted by several hundred service providers, who help them build and maintain the infrastructure behind their platforms, according to Ben Lee, of IGamiX consultancy. Many of these service providers also act as an interface between the POGOs and their customers, renting a video feed from the officially licensed operators and overlaying their logo and visual identity onto it, he added.咨询公司IGamiX的本•李表示，它们得到了数百家服务提供商的支持，这些服务商帮助它们建立和维护其平台背后的基础设施。他补充说，许多服务提供商还充当着赌场和他们客户之间的接口，从官方许可的运营商那里租借视频源，之后将他们的Logo和视频水印加在上面。"Some 90% to 95% of POGO customers are located in China," he said. This is illegal. Chinese laws ban any form of gambling by its citizens, including online and overseas.“这些线上赌场的客户，大约90%到95%位于中国，”他说。这是非法的。中国法律禁止公民进行任何形式的赌博，包括线上赌博和海外赌博。Laws in the Philippines also ban online casinos from marketing their services to citizens of a country where gambling is illegal, according to lawyer David Lee. But this rule is ignored by most POGO operators and poorly enforced, according to several experts.律师大卫·李说，菲律宾的法律也禁止线上赌场向赌博非法国家的公民提供服务。但据几位专家说，大多数POGO运营商选择无视这条规则，并且未对其进行有力执行。A spokeswoman for industry regulator PAGCOR said new regulations were introduced in August 2016 to curtail the proliferation of illegal online games and to ensure they are properly regulated.博彩业监管机构PAGCOR的一位女发言人表示，2016年8月出台了新的规定，来遏制非法网络博彩的泛滥，并确保它们得到适当的监管。She added that POGOs are supposed to only cater to foreign customers ages 21 and above situated outside the Philippines, in jurisdictions where online gaming is allowed.她补充说，POGOs应该只面向菲律宾以外21岁及以上的外国客户，并且这些地区要允许线上博彩。Hidden payments隐藏的收入Managing the cross-border flow of money is a challenge. China limits the amount of money any individual can move out of the country to $50,000 per year. And since it doesn't allow its citizens to gamble online, they are also not allowed to send money abroad for this purpose.管理跨境资金流动是一项挑战。中国将个人每年转移出境的资金数额限制在5万美元。由于中国不允许其公民进行网上赌博，他们也不可以将钱寄往国外进行赌博。"It is usually wired electronically, using services like Alipay or WeChat Pay, and disguised as a simple retail purchase," said consultant Ben Lee. "Chinese gamblers are also increasingly using crypto currencies like Bitcoin to avoid detection."咨询师本·李说:“（转移资金)通常是通过电子方式，例如使用支付宝或微信支付等，伪装成简单的零售购买。”“中国赌客也越来越多地使用比特币等加密货币，以规避追踪。”Chinese conglomerate Tencent, which owns messaging service WeChat, has set up a risk management team to combat abusive behavior, such as illegal gambling, by monitoring payments made via the app, a spokeswoman told CNN.中国公司腾讯的一位女发言人告诉CNN，腾讯旗下的通讯服务微信，已经成立了一个风险管理团队，通过监控通过该应用支付的款项，来打击诸如非法赌博等滥用行为。CNN also reached out to tech company Alibaba, founder of Alipay, for comment but did not receive a reply.CNN还联系了支付宝的母公司，科技公司阿里巴巴，但没有得到回复。To recruit new customers in China, POGOs rely on a large contingent of Chinese workers. They employ at least 138,000 foreigners in the Philippines, most of them from China, according to the Philippine government.为了在中国招募新客户，这些线上赌场需要依赖大批中国员工。根据菲律宾政府的数据，他们在菲律宾雇佣了至少13.8万名外国人，其中大多数来自中国。"There might be as many as 250,000, if employees lacking the required work visas are included," said George Siy, of the Integrated Development Studies Institute (IDSI), a think tank in the Philippines, quoting estimates provided to him by industry insiders.菲律宾智库IDSI (Integrated Development Studies Institute)的乔治·西(George Siy)引用业内人士提供给他的估计数字说：“如果把没有工作签证的员工也算在内，可能总数会多达25万人。”"Most of them come into the Philippines on tourist visas and overstay them," said Lucio Blanco Pitlo III, a fellow at the Asia-Pacific Pathways to Progress Foundation, who has researched the topic extensively. The Chinese embassy in the Philippines said in a statement in August 2019 that some of its nationals are "cheated to work illegally with only tourist visas."亚太发展途径基金会(Asia-Pacific Pathways to Progress Foundation)研究员卢西奥·布兰科·皮特洛三世(Lucio Blanco Pitlo III)对这个问题进行了深入研究。他说:“他们大多数人是持旅游签证来菲律宾的，但会在菲律宾停留超过签证的时限。”中国驻菲律宾大使馆在2019年8月的一份声明中表示，一些中国公民“通过欺骗，用旅游签证进行非法工作”。Last November, Manila expelled hundreds of Chinese nationals who had been arrested in a series of raids against online gaming operations and other cyber crimes in Palawan province, for allegedly working illegally in the country, according to CNN Philippines.据CNN菲律宾报道，去年11月，马尼拉遣返了数百名中国公民，他们在巴拉万省打击线上赌场和其他网络犯罪的行动中被捕。他们被控在菲律宾非法工作。CNN原文配图：线上赌场在改造过的停车场、废弃的商场里运营，例如这家公司，在马尼拉郊区Paranaque一家很老的购物中心“珍珠广场”中。Many Chinese nationals working in the Philippine casino industry are attracted by the promise of jobs not available at home, experts say.专家表示，许多在菲律宾博彩业工作的中国人，是被在中国所没有的工作机会所吸引。"These are mostly young people, in their 20s, with little job prospects in China," said Ben Lee. Some are lured to the Philippines with the promise of high-paying jobs in prestigious tech companies, but upon arrival they discover they will be working for an online gambling platform and paid a fraction of what they were promised, he added.“他们大多是20多岁的年轻人，在中国没什么就业前景，”本·李说。他补充说，一些人是被号称知名高科技公司的高薪职位诱骗到菲律宾的，但一到菲律宾，他们却发现自己将在一个线上赌博平台工作，得到的报酬只是之前承诺的一小部分。"The workers frequently have their passports confiscated, are crammed 10 to a room meant for three to four people and have to work 12-hour shifts, with only one day off per month," said Pitlo.皮特洛说：“这些工人的护照经常被没收，并且10个人挤在一个只能容纳三到四个人的房间里，12个小时轮班工作，每个月只有一天休息。”On the job, they are expected to approach prospective players in social media chat groups and convince them to give online gaming a try, according to Lee. Once players are hooked, they are encouraged to wager increasing amounts of money, he added.李说，在工作中，他们要在社交媒体聊天群中接触潜在玩家，说服他们尝试线上赌博。他补充说，一旦玩家被吸引，他们就会被鼓励加大赌注。POGOs cater to foreign customers and thus employ foreign nationals as customer service representatives to "effectively invite players and attend to their needs and concerns," the PAGCOR spokeswoman said. Most of these foreigners are Chinese nationals, she said. "But we can't categorically say they are based in China or are targeting players in China," she added. "They might be catering to Mandarin speaking people in other countries."POGO为了吸引外国客户，雇佣外国人作为客户服务代表，来“有效地邀请玩家，并满足他们的需求，消除他们的顾虑，”PAGCOR发言人说。她说，这些外国人大多是中国人。她补充说:“但我们不能绝对地说，这些线上赌场基于中国运营，或者面向中国的玩家。他们也可能面向其他国家中说普通话的人。”Jobs and high rents工作岗位与高房租POGOs have been a boon to the Philippine economy.POGO一直是菲律宾经济的福音。"They have created thousands of jobs and driven up wages," said Siy, from the Integrated Development Studies Institute. Even if most online casino employees are Chinese, locals are finding employment with them as maintenance workers, cleaners, or security guards, he added. He says industry insiders believe up to 150,000 Filipinos could be working for POGOs.来自综合发展研究所的Siy说：“线上赌场业创造了数以千计的就业机会，并抬高了工资。他补充说，即使网上赌场的大部分员工都是中国人，当地人也可以找到一些相关工作，比如维修工人、清洁工或保安。他表示，业内人士认为，有多达15万菲律宾人可能在为POGO工作。Government coffers have also benefited. In 2018, online casinos paid 7.4 billion pesos ($145 million) in licensing and other regulatory fees, PAGCOR told CNN. The Department of Finance said it expects to collect 24 billion pesos ($471 million) per year in taxes from POGO workers.政府国库也从中受益。PAGCOR告诉CNN, 2018年，POGO支付了74亿比索(1.45亿美元)的执照费和其他监管费用。财政部表示，预计每年会从POGO那里征收240亿比索(4.71亿美元)的税款。But many employers are not paying up. POGO operators and service providers only paid 579 million pesos ($11 million) in withholding taxes in 2018 -- a mere 2.4% of what they owe, according to the Bureau of Internal Revenue.但许多雇主并没有付全应付款项。根据美国国税局(Bureau of Internal Revenue)的数据，POGO运营商和服务提供商2018年的扣缴税款仅为5.79亿比索(约合1100万美元)，仅为其应缴税款的2.4%。In late 2019, the Philippines finance secretary started following through on threats to shut down non-payers. In early 2020, the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) said the industry still owes the government around 50 billion pesos ($1 billion) in unpaid taxes for 2019.2019年底，菲律宾财政部长开始兑现关闭欠款机构的威胁。在2020年初，国内税务局(BIR)表示，线上赌场业2019年仍欠政府约500亿比索(10亿美元)的未缴税款。Rents have spiraled out of control in certain parts of Manila as POGO operators rent out residential compounds to house their workers, said Pitlo. "Middle class families are being priced out," he said.研究员皮特洛说，马尼拉某些地区的房租已经失控，因为POGO运营商将住宅区出租给其员工居住。他说：“中产阶级家庭已经无法承受高昂的房价。Prices of one-bedroom apartments have surged by 120% since 2015 along Manila Bay, where many of the POGOs are located, according to a July 2019 report by Leechiu Property Consultants.据利驰地产咨询公司2019年7月的一份报告显示，自2015年以来，在豪宅林立的马尼拉湾沿岸，一居室公寓价格已经上涨了120%。Kidnappings on the rise绑架事件不断增加The increase in POGOs has also led to a rise in criminality, according to Philippine officials.菲律宾官员表示，POGO的增加也导致犯罪率的上升。CNN原文配图：2019年10月，在马尼拉郊区Paranaque，警方对一家涉及电信诈骗的线上赌场运营商进行突袭。有442名中国员工被逮捕，根据菲律宾移民局的消息，其中多数没有合法签证。"In their free time, their Chinese employees often gamble at the casinos and end up in debt," explained Elmer Cereno, a spokesman for the Philippine National Police-Anti Kidnapping Group. "They are then approached by loan sharks who offer to lend them money."菲律宾国家警察反绑架组织的发言人埃玛·切里诺（Elmer Cereno)解释说：“在空闲时间，线上赌场的中国雇员经常在赌场赌博，最终负债累累。之后高利贷者就会来找他们放贷。”When they fail to pay it back, the loan sharks kidnap them and try to get ransom from their relatives back home, he said.他说，当他们不能还钱时，高利贷者就绑架他们，试图从他们国内的亲戚那里拿到赎金。On October 2019, police rescued two Chinese POGO workers, whose families had been asked to pay ransoms ranging between 68,000 yuan and 80,000 yuan (about $9,800 to $11,500) for their release, according to a summary of the case seen by CNN. They had been abducted from a hotel six days earlier and held by five Chinese nationals in an office building in Taguig, a suburb south of Manila.据CNN查阅的案件摘要显示，2019年10月，警方解救了两名POGO的员工，他们的家人被绑匪索要68000元至80000元(约合9800美元至11500美元)的赎金。六天前，他们在马尼拉南部郊区塔吉(Taguig)的一座办公楼里被五名中国人绑架。Between January 2017 and October 2019, Philippine police dealt with 65 cases of kidnap-for-ransom involving POGO workers or casino customers, leading to the arrests of 132 people, according to an official tally provided to CNN by the Philippines police. "Almost all the victims and perpetrators were Chinese nationals," said Cereno.根据菲律宾警方提供给CNN的官方数据，在2017年1月至2019年10月期间，菲律宾警方处理了65起涉及POGO工作人员或赌客的绑架勒索案件，其中132人被捕。“几乎所有的受害者和绑匪都是中国人，”切里诺说。'That is where we stand'“这是我们的立场”China has been stepping up pressure on the Philippines to ban POGOs.中国一直在加大对菲律宾的施压，要求其封杀POGO。In its August 2019 statement, the Chinese embassy in Manila said online gambling in the Philippines had led to increased crimes and social problems in China, because "some gambling crimes and telecom frauds are closely connected."在2019年8月的声明中，中国在马尼拉的驻菲大使馆表示，菲律宾的线上赌场导致了中国国内犯罪和社会问题的增加，因为“一些赌博犯罪和电信诈骗是紧密相连的。”It also said "hundreds of millions of Chinese yuan" of gambling-related funds were flowing illegally from China to the Philippines. Days later, foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang said he hoped that Manila would "ban all online gambling."报告还称，有“数亿元”的赌博相关资金正从中国非法流入菲律宾。几天后，外交部发言人耿爽表示，他希望马尼拉“禁止所有网上赌博”。The Philippines answered some of China's concerns by imposing a moratorium on new licenses but stopped short of announcing a ban.菲律宾对一些中国方面的担忧做出了回应，暂停发放新的许可证，但没有对其发布禁令。Manila has its own concerns about the industry, with top officials suggesting that the influx of Chinese workers could turn to spying, posing a risk to national security.菲律宾对该行业也有自己的担忧，该国高层官员暗示，大量涌入的中国员工可能会转而从事间谍活动，对菲律宾国家安全构成威胁。"You would also start getting worried when a whole building, a condominium tower is occupied by only one nationality where you might not be able to guard their activities," Philippine National Security Adviser Hermogenes Esperon, Jr. said in July 2019.“如果一栋公寓大楼里只有一个国家的人，你可能无法监控他们活动的时候，你也会开始担心，”菲律宾国家安全顾问小埃尔莫根尼·埃斯庇隆(Hermogenes Esperon, Jr.)在2019年7月说。In May, dozens of legislators introduced a new bill to ban POGOs on the grounds they represent a social menace and a source of corruption.今年5月，数十名立法者提出了一项新的法案，以POGO对社会构成威胁和带来腐败为由，要求对其进行全面禁止。Manila earlier responded by announcing plans to build two "self-contained" hubs for online casinos and their workers located in Cavite City and Clark, two cities near the capital. They both became operational late last year.菲律宾政府在早些时候作出回应，宣布了在首都附近的Cavite City和Clark两个城市，建立线上赌场及其员工“可以自给自足”的中心的计划。它们都在去年年底投入使用。"These hubs will allow POGO workers to carry out their work, live and spend their leisure time under a single roof," according to the PAGCOR spokeswoman. "It will also increase their safety, as law enforcement agencies will have a presence there."“这些中心区将允许POGO员工在一个地区进行工作，生活和享受闲暇时间，”PAGCOR发言人说。“这还将加强他们的安全保障，因为执法机构会在那里部署人员。”Several government agencies, such as the Bureau of Internal Revenue, will also set up antennae in the hubs, she said. This will allow them to keep a close eye on the POGOs, making sure they pay their taxes and obey the law.她说，一些政府机构，比如国税局(Bureau of Internal Revenue)，也将在这些中心设置分部。这使他们可以密切关注POGO，确保他们缴纳税款并遵守法律。China is not happy. In the August 2019 statement, it expressed "grave concern" about the centers, saying they risked infringing the "basic legal rights" of Chinese citizens.中国对此并不满意。在2019年8月的声明中，中国政府对这些中心区表示了“严重担忧”，称它们可能侵犯中国公民的“基本合法权利”。Philippine officials seem unperturbed. "They (China) can't dictate on us," said Philippine ambassador to China, Jose Santiago Sta. Romana, in a media briefing. "Those are sovereign decisions. That is where we stand."菲律宾官员似乎不为所动。“他们(中国)不能决定我们的行动，”菲律宾驻华大使何塞(Jose Santiago Sta)在一次新闻发布会上说。“这些是主权性的决定。这是我们的立场。”
另外说到星子麻将特点还有一点，那就是这个游戏里面的牌面的不同了，麻将牌虽然都是大同小异的，但是不同的玩法里面对于麻将牌的数量与使用也都有所不同，比如说在这个玩法里面，就没有正精和副精，也没有东南西北四风等等，这些不同的用牌方式，也是星子麻将特点之一，大家只要了解清楚了这些情况，对于这个游戏其实也都能够有着更为全面的认识与了解，这也就使得大家在玩游戏的时候也都可以享受到更多的乐趣。
上一篇：棋牌百科 盲目做彩平和猪猪有什么区别（赋彩平资料包） 下一篇：棋牌百科 想问问撼讯的RX5700XT红魔好吗和RTX2070S比起来谁好一些
